Here is a clear, simple, and complete explanation about FIR:

What Is an FIR?

FIR (First Information Report) is a written document prepared by the police when they receive information about the commission of a cognizable offence (serious offences where police can arrest without a warrant and start investigation).

It is the first step to start a criminal investigation.

Key Points About FIR

 1. Filed for Cognizable Offences Only

Police register FIR only when the offence is serious (like theft, murder, rape, kidnapping, cheating, causing hurt, etc.).

2. Anyone Can File It

Victim, witness, relative or even a person who knows about the crime can file an FIR.

 3. Free of Cost

Police cannot charge any money to file an FIR.

4. FIR Must Be Registered Immediately

Police must record it without delay once a cognizable offence is reported.

5. Copy Must Be Given to Informant

A free copy of the FIR must be given to the person who filed it.

6. FIR Number & Police Station Details

Every FIR has a unique number and the name of the police station.

What Does an FIR Contain?

An FIR usually includes:

• FIR Number
• Date, Time & Place of the incident
• Date & Time of reporting
• Name, address & contact of the complainant
• Facts of the incident (What happened?)
• Description of accused (if known)
• Names of witnesses (if any)
• Sections of law applicable
• Signature of the complainant
• Signature/seal of the duty officer

Why Is an FIR Important?

1. Starts the Criminal Investigation

Police cannot investigate a cognizable offence without registering an FIR.

2. Creates an Official Record of the Crime

It becomes the first official record in the criminal justice process.

3. Helps in Protecting Rights of the Victim

Once FIR is filed, the victim gets the right to:

• Investigation
• Arrest of accused
• Protection orders (if needed)
• Speedy action by police

4. It Is Used in Court

The FIR is used as an important document in court proceedings.

 5. Helps Prevent Manipulation

Once written and signed, it cannot be changed except with court permission.
This prevents false alterations.