IPC 1860 vs BNS 2023
| IPC Section (1860) | Topic | BNS Clause (2023) | Remarks |
| Sec. 1 | Title & Extent | Clause 1–2 | Title changed to Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. |
| Sec. 2–4 | Punishment for offences committed in India/outside India | Clauses 3–5 | Retained with rephrasing. |
| Sec. 6–52A | Definitions | Clauses 6–50 | Reorganized, simplified. |
| Sec. 53–75 | Punishments | Clauses 51–72 | Retained, terminology modernized. |
| Sec. 107–120 | Abetment | Clauses 55–67 | Largely retained, minor restructuring. |
| Sec. 121–130 | Waging war against the State | Clauses 137–146 | Updated for terrorism & sovereignty. |
| Sec. 124A (Sedition) | Sedition | ❌ Omitted | Replaced with Clause 150 – Acts against sovereignty, unity & integrity. |
| Sec. 141–160 | Unlawful assembly, Rioting | Clauses 187–199 | Retained with updates. |
| Sec. 171A–171I | Election offences | Clauses 171–177 | Reworded. |
| Sec. 182–229 | False evidence, contempt | Clauses 227–258 | Retained, simplified. |
| Sec. 268–294 | Public nuisance, obscenity | Clauses 274–292 | Retained, modernized. |
| Sec. 302 | Murder | Clause 101 | Retained. |
| Sec. 304B | Dowry death | Clause 113 | Retained with updated wording. |
| Sec. 307 | Attempt to murder | Clause 109 | Retained. |
| Sec. 313–318 | Causing miscarriage | Clauses 115–121 | Retained. |
| Sec. 319–326 | Hurt & Grievous Hurt | Clauses 122–135 | Retained. |
| Sec. 354–354D | Sexual harassment, stalking | Clauses 73–79 | Retained & rephrased. |
| Sec. 375–376D | Rape & sexual offences | Clauses 63–70 | Retained, with marital rape exception still present. |
| Sec. 377 | Unnatural offences | ❌ Omitted | Struck down by Navtej Johar (2018), not included in BNS. |
| Sec. 378–404 | Theft, extortion, robbery | Clauses 303–320 | Retained. |
| Sec. 415–420 | Cheating | Clauses 318–326 | Retained. |
| Sec. 463–477A | Forgery | Clauses 336–348 | Retained with electronic records added. |
| Sec. 489A–489E | Counterfeit currency | Clauses 176–180 | Retained, updated for digital currency. |
| Sec. 498A | Cruelty by husband or relatives | Clause 85 | Retained. |
| Sec. 499–500 | Defamation | Clause 354 | Retained. |
| Sec. 511 | Attempt to commit offences | Clause 357 | Retained. |
Key Highlights of Changes
- Sedition removed → replaced by sovereignty clause.
- 377 omitted → not included in BNS.
- Organised Crime, Terrorism, Mob Lynching → newly inserted in BNS.
- Section numbers reduced → multiple IPC provisions merged into single BNS clauses.
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