The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, outlines the powers and responsibilities of police officers in India, aiming to enhance law enforcement efficiency and ensure public safety.

Powers of Superior Officers of Police:

Section 30: Superior officers, such as superintendents and inspectors, possess the same powers as officers in charge of police stations within their jurisdiction. This enables them to direct and support subordinate officers effectively.

Investigation and Arrest:

Section 175: Officers in charge of police stations can investigate cognizable cases without a magistrate’s order, facilitating prompt action in serious offences.

Section 179: Investigating officers can require individuals acquainted with case facts to attend inquiries, ensuring comprehensive information gathering. However, certain individuals, such as males under 15 or over 60, women, and those with disabilities or acute illness, are generally exempt from attending places other than their residence.

Seizure and Attachment of Property:

The BNSS extends police powers to seize both movable and immovable properties suspected to be connected to criminal activity, broadening the scope beyond previous provisions that focused mainly on movable property. PRs India

Public Assistance and Maintenance of Order:

Section 31: Citizens are obligated to assist police and magistrates in arresting individuals, preventing breaches of peace, and protecting public property when reasonably requested.

Section 163: Police officers are empowered to issue directions to the public to prevent disorder, and can detain or remove individuals resisting such directions, maintaining public order and safety.

Data Collection for Criminal Identification:

The BNSS authorizes magistrates to collect finger impressions and voice samples from arrested individuals, and in some cases, from non-arrested persons under investigation, enhancing identification processes.

These provisions collectively aim to strengthen law enforcement capabilities, ensure thorough investigations, and maintain public order, while incorporating safeguards to protect individual rights.

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