(Complete — From FIR to Final Conviction/Appeal)

1. Complaint / Information Stage

A. Information of offence → FIR

• BNSS Section 173 – Information to Police & Registration of FIR
• BNS contains the offence definitions, e.g.:
• BNS 101 – Murder
• BNS 99 – Culpable Homicide
• BNS 106 – Dowry Death
• BNS 115 – Hurt
• BNS 117 – Grievous Hurt
• BNS 303 – Theft

…etc.

Murder

• BNS Section 101 – Murder
  (IPC 302 → BNS 101)

Culpable Homicide Not Amounting to Murder

• BNS Section 99 – Culpable Homicide
  (IPC 299–304 → BNS 99–100)

Dowry Death

• BNS Section 106 – Dowry Death
  (IPC 304B → BNS 106)

Hurt

• BNS Section 115 – Causing Hurt
  (IPC 323 → BNS 115)

Grievous Hurt

• BNS Section 117 – Causing Grievous Hurt
  (IPC 325 → BNS 117)

Theft

• BNS Section 303 – Theft
  (IPC 378 → BNS 303)

B. Cognizable vs Non-cognizable

• BNS Schedule + BNSS Section 175

2. Investigation Stage (Police)

Governed mainly by BNSS, but based on BNS offences.

BNSS Sections Relevant:

• S. 175 – Police powers for cognizable offences
• S. 176 – Procedure for non-cognizable offences
• S. 179 – Spot inspection
• S. 180 – Examination of witnesses
• S. 183 – Search & seizure
• S. 185 – Medical examination of accused
• S. 193 – Police custody
• S. 193(3) – Max police custody = 15 days (can be split)

End Product of Investigation:

• Charge-sheet (Police Report) – BNSS 193(8)
• Or Closure Report

3. Magistrate Takes Cognizance

BNSS Section 210 – Taking cognizance of offences

Magistrate examines:
✔ FIR
✔ Case diary
✔ Charge-sheet
✔ Statements

Offence again taken from BNS provisions (e.g., BNS 302, 356 etc.).

4. Issuance of Process (Summons/Warrant)

• BNSS 251–267 – Summons
• BNSS 268–278 – Warrants

Court decides whether to call accused via:

• Summons
• Bailable warrant
• Non-bailable warrant

5. Appearance of Accused & Bail Stage

A. Bail

• BNSS 480 – Bail in bailable offences
• BNSS 482 – Anticipatory bail
• BNSS 483 – Bail in non-bailable offences

B. Offence classification under BNS matters to bail:

• If punishment ≤ 3 years → generally bailable
• If > 3 years → generally non-bailable
  (Refer BNS Schedule)

6. Supply of Documents (Mandatory)

• BNSS 230 – All documents from police to be supplied to accused
  (including FIR, statements, seizure memos, medical reports etc.)

7. Charge Framing / Notice

A. Warrant Cases (Serious Offences):

• BNSS 246 – Charge framing
  (e.g., offences under BNS 302, 307, 376, 309, 303…)

B. Summons Cases (Minor Offences):

• BNSS 275 – Notice of accusation
  (e.g., BNS 140 – simple theft, BNS 115 – wrongful restraint)

After charges → Accused pleads:
✔ Guilty
or
✔ Not guilty

8. Trial Stage

A. Prosecution Evidence

• BNSS 258 – Examination-in-chief
• BNSS 260 – Cross-examination
• BNSS 261 – Re-examination
  Supported by offences under BNS.

B. Statement of Accused

• BNSS 313 – Statement of accused (same as old S. 313 CrPC)

C. Defence Evidence

• BNSS 314

D. Final Arguments

• BNSS 316

9. Judgment

• BNSS 318 – Judgment of acquittal or conviction
• Offence under BNS determines the sentence, e.g.:
  • BNS 101 – Life imprisonment/death

10. Sentencing Stage

• BNSS 319 – Hearing on sentence
• Court considers:
  ✔ Nature of offence (from BNS)
  ✔ Aggravating/mitigating circumstances
  ✔ Previous convictions

11. Appeal / Revision

Appeals

• BNSS 419–427

Revisions

• BNSS 430–431

One-Page Court-Ready Summary